a) The affirmative past simple ends in –ed.
listen – listened; help – helped
Some verbs have irregular spelling:
1. If a verbs end in -e, we just add –d
live – lived; die – died; hope – hoped.
2. If a verb ends in a consonant + -y, we change the –y to –i.
study – studied; dry – dried.
3. We do not change –y to –i after a vowel.
play – played; pray – prayed.
4. If a one-syllable word ends in a vowel + a consonant, we double the final consonant before –ed.
rob – robbed; trap – trapped; drop – dropped.
5. If a word of two or more syllables ends in a vowel +consonant, we double the final consonant only if the final syllable is stressed.
admit – admitted.
6. In British English, we double –ll at the end of the word even if the final syllable is not stressed.
travel – travelled.
b) Questions
Did you call her yesterday? – Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Did he get a degree? – Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
Were you on holiday last summer? – Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.
c) Negative
I did not/didn’t call her yesterday,
He did not/didn’t get a degree.
I was not/wasn’t on holiday last summer.