1. Although, though, even though + clause
- Although you don’t like her, you can be nice to her.
- You can be nice to her although you don’t like her.
If the subordinate clause comes first, we must separate it with a comma. If the subordinate clause comes second, there is no comma.
- Even though they have a car, they seldom use it.
- They have a car though they seldom use it. (though is more common in spoken English, and is often used at the end of a sentence)
- They have a car. They seldom use it, though. (even more conversational)
2. In spite of/despite + noun or -ing form
- In spite of/despite having a car, they seldom use it.
Note:
In spite of the fact that + clause
- In spite of the fact that they have a car, they seldom use it.
in spite of the fact that works as a coordinating conjunction. Therefore, it is used to connect two independent clauses and a comma is required.
3. While/whereas/but/ on the other hand/ yet/still/on the contrary/even so + clause
- He is very hardworking, while his wife is rather lazy.
- Whereas Jane is very popular among her classmates, nobody likes her sister.
- He wasn’t tired, yet he was sleeping very well.
- The salary is excellent. Still, the job itself is tedious.
- The restaurant was only half full. Even so, a young lady asked if the seat next to me was taken.
4. However/nevertheless + clause
Both are formal; nevertheless is even more formal.
- She denies it; nevertheless, nobody believes her.
- She doesn’t like her; however, he is married to her.
- The job was very demanding. However, the pay was very good.
Note:
Use a semicolon before and a comma after ‘however/nevertheless’ if you are writing a compound sentence. If ‘however/nevertheless’ is used to begin a sentence, it must be followed by a comma.
5. a) However/no matter how + adjective/adverb + clause
We use it to say that it makes no difference how much/many/good/bad/ difficult/hard/well/interesting etc something is, or how much there is of something, or how long something takes, etc.
- However much she loves you, she’ll never forgive you.
- I couldn’t change his mind, however hard I tried.
- No matter how late he comes, she’ll be waiting.
- However many times the teacher explains things, he never understands.
- However badly she treated her children, they loved her.
- I must finish the report, however long it takes.
- However much money he earns, she can spend it on clothes.
5. b) However/whoever/wherever/whatever/whenever/whichever + clause
No matter how/however (in any way)
No matter who/whoever (any person)
No matter where/wherever (any place)
No matter what/whatever (any thing)
No matter when/whenever (any time)
No matter which/whichever (anyone from a limited set)
- No matter who may come/whoever may come, tell him I am out.
- No matter where you may hide it/wherever you (may) hide it, I’ll find it.
- No matter what he did/whatever he did, she didn’t like it.
- No matter who/whoever breaks the law, they will be punished.
- No matter what/whatever happens in the future, I won’t leave you.
Note:
The same rule applies as for time and conditional clauses, so do not use will in this type of clause.
6. Adjective/adverb + as/though + clause
- Late though it was, I had to talk to him.
- Much as she likes him, she doesn’t trust him.
- Hard as I tried, I couldn’t change his mind.
- Tired though he was, he went to meet her at the bus stop.
- Cold as the weather was, we enjoyed walking the dog.
Ye I really appreciate this web
Thank you very much.
Please teach us about paragraph
I’ll be happy to help you.
I’ve divided the explanation into several groups.
1. The first group includes although, though, and even though. After these conjunctions, you need to use a full close – that means both a subject and a verb:
• Although I have a car, I don’t use it.
2. The second group includes the expressions in spite of and despite. After these, you use either a noun or a gerund (the -ing form).
• In spite of/despite having a car, I don’t use it. (gerund)
• Despite the rain, I went for a walk. (noun)
Key
They often use these kinds of sentences in the Cambridge exams for Key Word Transformation tests.
3. The third group includes more expressions you can use to show contrast. Be careful with the word order. It’s the same with however. Pay attention to commas when writing it.
If you have any more questions, I’ll be happy to answer them! And try tests, I’m sure they will be useful.